Dekriminalisasi Administratif dan Reformasi Sistem Hukum di Indonesia, Belajar dari Pendekatan Global 

Penulis Agus Arif Rakhman, M.M., CPSp.

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I. Ringkasan Eksekutif

Laporan ini menyajikan analisis komparatif mendalam mengenai filosofi keadilan pidana, kebijakan penjara, dan penanganan korupsi di Indonesia, Belanda, dan Amerika Serikat. Observasi awal yang menyoroti fenomena penjara kosong di Belanda dan perbedaan penanganan korupsi antara Indonesia dan negara-negara Barat menjadi pendorong utama telaah ini. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa sistem hukum Indonesia cenderung menganut pendekatan retributif yang luas, seringkali mengkriminalisasi tindakan tanpa niat jahat (mens rea) yang jelas, menyebabkan overkapasitas penjara yang parah. Kontrasnya, negara-negara maju seperti Belanda dan Amerika Serikat lebih menekankan rehabilitasi, keadilan restoratif, dan akuntabilitas sistemik, yang terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi populasi penjara dan meningkatkan efisiensi peradilan.

Temuan kunci mengindikasikan bahwa meskipun tingkat kejahatan umum di Indonesia relatif rendah, populasi penjaranya terus meningkat dan mengalami kelebihan kapasitas yang signifikan. Ini menunjukkan bahwa akar masalah terletak pada definisi hukum yang luas dan praktik penegakan hukum yang cenderung mengkriminalisasi kesalahan administratif. Sebaliknya, Belanda berhasil mengurangi populasi penjaranya melalui kebijakan dekriminalisasi, penggunaan hukuman alternatif, dan fokus pada rehabilitasi. Amerika Serikat, meskipun memiliki tingkat pemenjaraan tinggi, juga menunjukkan pergeseran menuju pencegahan kejahatan berbasis komunitas dan keadilan restoratif.

Berdasarkan temuan ini, laporan ini merekomendasikan pemerintah Indonesia untuk melakukan re-klasifikasi kesalahan administratif dengan menggesernya dari sanksi pidana ke sanksi administratif atau perdata, memperluas penerapan keadilan restoratif dan rehabilitatif, serta memperkuat akuntabilitas sistemik dan pencegahan korupsi. Langkah-langkah ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi beban kriminalisasi, meningkatkan efisiensi sistem peradilan, dan memperkuat tata kelola yang baik, pada akhirnya menciptakan keadilan yang lebih proporsional dan masyarakat yang lebih berintegritas.

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